TM 1-1510-224-10 CHAPTER 5 OPERATING LIMITS AND RESTRICTIONS Section I.  GENERAL 5-1. PURPOSE. This    chapter    identifies    or    refers    to    all    important operating  limits  and  restrictions  that  shall  be  observed during ground and flight operations. 5-2. GENERAL. The  operating  limitations  set  forth  in  this  chapter  are the  direct  result  of  design  analysis,  tests,  and  operating experiences.  Compliance with these limits will allow the pilot   to   safely   perform   the   assigned   missions   and   to derive     maximum     utility     from     the     aircraft.          Limits concerning maneuvers, weight, and center of gravity are also covered in this chapter. 5-3. EXCEEDING OPERATIONAL LIMITS. Anytime an operational limit is exceeded, an appropriate entry shall be made on DA Form 2408-13-1. Entry   shall   state   what   limit   or   limits   were   exceeded, range,  time  beyond  limits,  and  any  additional  data  that would   aid   maintenance   personnel   in   the   maintenance action that may be required. 5-4. MINIMUM CREW REQUIREMENTS. The  minimum  crew  required  for  aircraft  operation  is two  pilots.    Additional  crewmembers  as  required,  will  be added at the discretion of the commander, in accordance    with    pertinent    Department    of    the    Army regulations. Section II.  SYSTEM LIMITS 5-5. INSTRUMENT MARKINGS. Instruments   which   display   operating   limitations   are illustrated   in   figure   5-1.      The   operating   limitations   are color  coded  on  the  instrument  faces.    Color  coding  of each instrument is explained in the illustration. 5-6. INSTRUMENT MARKING COLOR CODES. Operating limitations and ranges are illustrated by the colored   markings   which   appear   on   the   dial   faces   of engine,    flight,    and    utility    system    instruments.        Red markings    indicate    the    limit    above    or    below    which continued operation is likely to cause damage or shorten life.      The   green   markings   indicate   the   safe   or   normal range  of  operation.    The  yellow  markings  indicate  the range   when   special   attention   should   be   given   to   the operation    covered    by    the    instrument.        Operation    is permissible  in  the  yellow  range,  but  should  be  avoided. White markings on the airspeed indicator denote the flap operating   range.      The   blue   marking   on   the   airspeed indicator   denotes   best   rate   of   climb   with   one   engine inoperative, at maximum gross weight, maximum forward c.g., sea level standard day conditions. 5-7. PROPELLER LIMITATIONS. The maximum propeller overspeed limit is 1870 RPM (transient,   20   seconds   maximum).      Propeller   speeds above  1700  RPM  indicate  failure  of  the  constant  speed governor.    Propeller  speeds  above  1802  RPM  indicates failure    of    both    the    constant    speed    and    overspeed governors. 5-8. STARTER LIMITATIONS. The  starters  are  limited  to  an  operating  period  of  40 seconds  ON,  then  15  minutes    OFF,  40  seconds    ON, then 30 minutes  OFF.    Contact  maintenance  personnel for   assistance   if   no   engine   start   occurs   during   cycle noted in this paragraph. 5-9. AUTOPILOT LIMITATIONS. a. An  autopilot  preflight  check  must  be  conducted and  found  satisfactory  prior  to  each  flight  on  which  the autopilot is to be used. b. A  pilot  must  be  seated  in  the  pilot's  seat  at  the flight   controls   with   the   seat   belt   fastened   when   the autopilot is in operation. c. Operation   of   the   autopilot   and   yaw   damper   is prohibited during takeoff and landing, and below 200 feet above terrain.  Maximum speed for autopilot operation is 248   KIAS   to   11,500   feet,   then   0.472   Mach   to   35,000 feet. 5-1