TM 55-1510-222-10 CHAPTER 5 OPERATING LIMITS AND RESTRICTIONS Section I.  GENERAL 5-1. PURPOSE. This    chapter    identifies    or    refers    to    all    important operating  limits  and  restrictions  that  shall  be  observed during ground and flight operations. 5-2. GENERAL. The operating limitations set forth in this chapter are the direct   result   of   design   analysis,   tests,   and   operating experiences.  Compliance with these limits will allow the pilot   to   safely   perform   the   assigned   missions   and   to derive    maximum    utility    from    the    aircraft.        Limits concerning maneuvers, weight, and center of gravity are also covered in this chapter. 5-3. EXCEEDING OPERATIONAL LIMITS. Anytime an operational limit is exceeded, an appropriate entry  shall  be  made  on  DA  Form  2408-13.    Entry  shall state  what  limit  or  limits  were  exceeded,  range,  time beyond  limits,  and  any  additional  data  that  would  aid maintenance  personnel  in  the  maintenance  action  that may be required. Section II. SYSTEM LIMITS 5-4. MINIMUM CREW REQUIREMENTS. The minimum crew required for aircraft operation is two pilots.      Additional   crewmembers   as   required,   will   be added     at     the     discretion     of     the     commander,     in accordance   with   pertinent   Department   of   the   Army regulations. 5-5. INSTRUMENT MARKINGS. Instruments    which    display    operating    limitations    are illustrated  in  figure  5-1.    The  operating  limitations  are color  coded  on  the  instrument  faces.    Color  coding  of each instrument is explained in the illustration. 5-6. INSTRUMENT MARKING COLOR CODES. Operating  limitations  and  ranges  are  illustrated  by  the colored   markings   which   appear   on   the   dial   faces   of engine,   flight,   and   utility   system   instruments.      Red markings    indicate    the    limit    above    or    below    which continued operation is likely to cause damage or shorten life.    The  green  markings  indicate  the  safe  or  normal range  of  operation.    The  yellow  markings  indicate  the range   when   special   attention   should   be   given   to   the operation   covered   by   the   instrument.      Operation   is permissible in the yellow range, but should be avoided. White  markings  on  the  airspeed  indicator  denote  the flap operating range.  The blue marking on the airspeed indicator   denotes   best   rate   of   climb   with   one   engine inoperative,    at    maximum    gross    weight,    maximum forward c.g., sea level standard day conditions. 5-7. PROPELLER LIMITATIONS. The  maximum  propeller  overspeed  limit  is  1870  RPM (transient,   20   seconds   maximum).      Propeller   speeds above 1700 RPM indicate failure of the constant speed governor.  Propeller speeds above 1802 RPM indicates- failure    of    both    the    constant    speed    and    overspeed governors. 5-8. STARTER LIMITATIONS. The  starters  are  limited  to  an  operating  period  of  40 seconds  ON,  then  15  minutes  OFF,  40  seconds  ON, then 30 minutes OFF.  Contact maintenance personnel for   assistance   if   no   engine   start   occurs   during   cycle noted in this paragraph. 5-9. AUTOPILOT LIMITATIONS. a. An  autopilot  preflight  check  must  be  conducted and  found  satisfactory  prior  to  each  flight  on  which  the autopilot is to be used. b. A pilot must be seated at the flight controls with the seat belt fastened when the autopilot is in operation. c. Operation  of  the  autopilot  and  yaw  damper  is prohibited  during  takeoff  and  landing,  and  below  200 feet    above    terrain.        Maximum    speed    for    autopilot operation is 246 KIAS to 11,500 feet, then 0.47 Mach to 35,000 feet. 5-1